To investigate obedience to authority, Yale psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments where researchers asked participants to administer what they believed to be painful electric shocks to another person, culminating in shocks that seemed to be potentially fatal.  The majority of participants (65%) were willing to inflict fatal voltages, despite the screams of the simulated victim.  Milgram's membership application in the American Psychological Association was placed on hold for one year while the association investigated the ethics of these studies, but he was then readmitted.  This work later won awards, has been made into a short film and a made-for-TV movie, and has been used to understand war crimes and atrocities.